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Description and Utilization of Small and Medium Sized Nuclear Reactors
Novotný, Filip ; Sklenka,, Ľubomír (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis examines the area of small- and medium-sized nuclear reactors and their roles in the early development of nuclear energy. The work covers current small- and medium-sized reactors in operation and considers future developments in this area. Included is an analysis of the possibilities for their use and applications in various areas of human activity. The work focuses on new projects of small- and medium-sized reactors, especially on projects considered for the near future. They are evaluated for nuclear weapons proliferation resistance, as well as their economic and technical advantages. Furthermore, an analysis was carried out of the possible uses of small reactors in propulsion of spaceships, and their use in various geographic areas. Knowledge acquired from this analysis applies to the situation in the Czech Republic. Both unrealized projects, and projects which may be realized in the future, have been described.
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Simulation of Accelerator Driven Nuclear Reactor for Spent Nuclear Fuel Transmutation
Jarchovský, Petr ; Ing. Antonín Krása, Ph.D., SCK.CEN Mol (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with usage of burn-up (spent) nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants of next generation – accelerator driven transmutation plants which is produced in current nuclear power plants. This system could significantly reduce the volume of dangerous long-lived radioisotopes and moreover they would be able to take advantage of its great energy potential due to fast neutron spectrum. In the introduction are listed basic knowledge and aspects of spent nuclear fuel along with its reprocessing and the possibility of further use while minimizing environmental impact. As another point detailed description of accelerator driven systems is described together with its basic components. In addition this search is followed by individual chronological enumeration of projects of global significance concerning their current development. Emphasis is placed on SAD and MYRRHA projects, which are used like base for calculations. This last, computational part, deals with the creation of the geometry of subcritical transmutation reactor driven by accelerator and subsequent evaluation which assembly is the most effective for transmutation and energy purposes along with changing of target, nuclear fuel and coolant/moderator.
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Critical Analysis of EU Policy and Its Impact on Business of E.ON SE
Starostová, Andrea ; Kamenický, Oldřich (referee) ; Škapa, Stanislav (advisor)
Hlavným cieľom diplomovej práce je kriticky analyzovať politiku Európskej Únie a jej dopad na činnosť nadnárodnej spoločnosti E.ON. Keďže politika Európskej Únie má za cieľ zefektívniť spôsob podnikania vykonávaného v rámci Európskej Únie a okrem iného má predstavovať garanciu zodpovednosti jak spotrebiteľov, tak dodávateľov operujúcich na trhu, tak zámer práce bol definovaný na analýzu politického vplyvu rozhodnutí Európskej Únie a ich dopad na následné strategické rozhodnutia firmy. Analytická čas práce je preto zameraná na analýzu Európskej energetickej politiky s kladením dôrazu na profil spoločnosti E.ON, Európsku energetickú stratégiu, obnoviteľné zdroje, jadrovú energetiku, bezpečnosť energetickej dodávky a na Európsky systém obchodovania s emisiami.
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Nuclear energetics in CR and in the world
Peroutka, Tomáš ; Bartošík, Tomáš (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This work is about a basic principles of nuclear reaction, creation of nuclear reaction and its development. Here is also described contemporary status and its level of progression. The first part is about a history of nuclear energy – its beginnings and further progress. Next the work deals with a nuclear power stations, nuclear reactors etc. The other part of this work is based on a nuclear waste. Then, I will write about a future of nuclear energy. The last point is creating the enegetic conception of our country.
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Sustainable energy sources
Doležal, Jan ; Nerud, Pavel (referee) ; Škvařil, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is a recherche dealing with sustainable energy sources. It lists and describes the various sources and shows their operating principles. In the last part it evaluates their current use in the Czech Republic and the possibilities for further development from economic and technical point of view.
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Seawater desalination
Kamenický, Robin ; Hájek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Maar, Tomáš (advisor)
Každodenní nedostatek pitné vody vede ke snahám tento problém řešit. Jedna z možnosti je odsolování ať už destilační, za pomoci membrán a osmózy, či dalších nekonvenčních způsobů jako je zmražení vody. Tato práce se zabývá možnostmi odsolování. Popisuje způsoby destilační, reverzní osmózu, solární odsolování a nezapomíná ani na separaci pitné vody pomoci zmražení. Spolu se získáváním pitné vody ze slané nastává také otázka energetických zdrojů. Využití fosilních paliv, obnovitelných zdrojů energie a jaderné energie, je tedy další nepostradatelné téma popisované v této práci. V neposlední řadě se zde také můžete dočíst o možném dopadu odsolování na životní prostředí, ať už z hlediska globálního v podobě možné produkce skleníkových plynů nebo dopadů lokálních. V závěrečné kapitole je podrobná ekonomická analýza odsolovacího zařízení pomoci počítačového programu DEEP. Popisované zařízení je na bázi multi effect distillation a reverzní osmózy, pro které se získává energie z jaderné elektrárny.
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Power-producing and Environmental Strategy of Czech Republic
Urbánek, Štěpán ; Brázdil, Marian (referee) ; Špiláček, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with energy and environmental strategy of Czech Republic. Part of this work is the description of international and intrastate documents which describes conditions and strategy objectives that not only our country must reach and fulfil them. Next is processed structure of the energy mix of Czech Republic and its predictable progress. In the next part of the work there is a characterization of possibilities how to produce electricity by renewable resources or nuclear energy and concept of using these sources in the future. The last part of the work contains prospect of reducing emission greenhouse gases.
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Evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core
Tvrdý, Miloslav ; Šen, Hugo (referee) ; Nerud, Pavel (advisor)
This graduation thesis deals with evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core. The first part is a description of nuclear power plant VVER 440. It is focused on parts important for transfer and utilize energy in regular operating of generating block. In the second part, the equations for calculation of power and coolant flow in reactor core are deduced. The last part is about designing the program for calculation of published values. There are specified requirements for the program and on the basis of this the source code is written. The parts of code are described. In conclusion of this part, the user's manual is work out. The program is on CD in the annexe.
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Investigation of Thorium Utilization in Accelerator Driven Nuclear Reactors
Král, Dušan ; ČR, Petr Chudoba, ÚJF AV (referee) ; Zeman, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the idea of using accelerator driven systems for thorium transmutation into the fissile material, which can be utilized in the accelerator driven systems and in thermal nuclear reactors. Thorium occurs on Earth only in fertile isotope Th-232. It can be converted to fissile U-233 by neutron capture and subsequent beta decay. The experimental part handles the data measured by the irradiation of four thorium samples by the secondary neutrons in the QUINTA spallation target, which was irradiated with 660~MeV protons. Reaction rates for the fission and spallation products were estimated using gamma spectroscopy and activation techniques. Furthermore, Pa-233 production rates were also determined in all experimental samples. Pa-233 and fission production rates were calculated in all experimental samples using the MCNPX transport code and evaluated nuclear data for high-energy reactions. The experimental results are of a great importance for the future investigation of thorium in the accelerator driven system concept, validation of Monte-Carlo based calculation codes and validation of high-energy nuclear models.
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